Terroir 101 | Frost

The most brutal thing in the data.

Once the buds open in spring the shoots have no protection at all, and one freezing night kills them. The vine pushes a second set, but they carry less fruit and ripen later, so a frost in April is still in the glass in November.

There's almost no room in this one. A few nights takes it to nothing. That isn't the model being harsh, it's just what happens — and it's why there are helicopters over vineyards every spring.